Corrosion Mechanism of Materials in High Temperature and High Pressure Environment

Lots of petroleum pipes and equipments are taken service in high temperature and high pressure environment, regardless of the thermodynamics and kinetics of corrosion are both closely related to the temperature and pressure. Under the high temperature and high pressure environment, material failure law and mechanism is significantly different from air temperature and constant pressure, therefore, material under high temperature and high pressure is necessary for us to research evaluation of corrosion. Having improved high-temperature, high-pressure simulation test equipment, the test temperature can reach up to 220℃ and the test pressure can reach up to 50MPa which can study the corrosion behavior of high temperature and high pressure conditions .

CO₂ / H₂S to Material Corrosion Behavior of Multiphase Flow Environments

Multiphase flow in petroleum industry is mainly about coexisting and flowing of gas phase, liquid phase and solid phase, all kinds of phases promote each other and sometimes materials corrosion is more serious than in a single-phase medium.

CO₂ and H₂S corrosion are the two most common forms encountered in oilfield equipment. H₂S corrosion causes SCC, SSC, HIC, SWC, SZC, SOHIC failure, material uniform and local corrosion thinning, while CO₂ corrosion leads local corrosion, resulting in material thinning, perforation failure.

There is a close relationship between the two types of corrosion and temperature and pressure, the study focuses on trends of corrosion rate increasing with temperature, pressure, composition of media, it also needs to consider HCO₃-、CL^-, dew point temperature, oil type, velocity of flow , flow pattern, GWR, gas-oil ratio, sulfur content, oxygen content, anti-corrosive rate and other effects. MaurerLab has carried out lots of researches on this aspect.

Corrosion of the Materials in the Marine Environment

Corrosion in marine environment shows that different materials have different corrosive forms, and same kinds of materials in different areas have different corrosion. Anti-corrosion protection in marine environment often uses reasonable selection, organic coatings and materials or anti-corrosion metal coated, corrosion agents added, electrochemical cathodic protection.

In the way of marine corrosion protection, MaurerLab completed numerous researches of submarine pipeline corrosion, collecting line corrosion and pile corrosion. We can do the following:

(a)Salt droplet test analysis；

(b)Coating test；

(c)Seawater simulation

(d)Marine Environment Corrosion Failure Analysis；

Study on the Corrosion Mechanism of Materials in Petroleum Refining Industry

Refining apparatus often encounter following questions:

(a)Equipment corrosion problems with the crude oil of high sulfur , high acidic, halophyle and various used additives may cause organic chlorine problems;

(b)long-term high-pressure equipment running at full capacity could lead to lots of problems such as materials at high temperature creep , erosion, stress corrosion, material deterioration ;

 (c)heavy use of hydrogenation apparatus, materials arise intergranular corrosion, sensitization of stainless steel, high temperature hydrogen corrosion and other problems; therefore equipments of protect corrosion have higher requirements.

MaurerLab could solve the following materials and corrosion protection problems for refining industry:

(a) high-temperature oxidation, high-temperature sulfur / naphthenic acidic corrosion, high-temperature H₂S / H₂ corrosion, high-temperature hydrogen corrosion;

(b) HCL + H₂S + H₂O corrosion, flue gas dew point corrosion, acidic water corrosion, wet hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion;

(c) Coupon, needle probe, FSM and other corrosion monitoring;

(d) Angle bends, valves, orifice plate, entrance erosion problems;

(e) Station, cathodic protection of equipments;

(f) Equipment failure analysis;

(g) Comprehensive Management to refining apparatus corrosion problems, including inspection, material selection, simulation tests, forecasting and evaluation;

Material Corrosion Study of Extraction of Oil

New oil production as cluster wells oil mining, horizontal wells in oil, high energy gas fracturing oil, oil fracturing liquid powder, foam fracturing oil, CO₂ fracturing oil, microbial enhanced oil recovery, polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery, CO₂ EOR, alkali and polymer EOR, acoustic and ultrasonic sound waves extracting oil, electromagnetic heating oil production , magnetic energy paraffin removal, descaling, visbreaking, by using augmented injection, vibration oil recovery, nuclear energy oil mining and so on , all these are different from traditional oil recovery methods. There are some processes in heavy crude extraction, for instance, visbreaking by blending active water, mixing oil, hot water circulation and electric heating, ISC, hot water flooding, steam huff and puff, steam driving and so on. The emergence of new technology may bring new corrosion problems of equipment.

MaurerLab in response to the corrosion problem with these new oil recovery methods for equipment and tools, MaurerLab carries out the following works:

(a)Experimental study on anti-erosion materials;

(b)Corrosion behavior of materials research with high pressure and temperature;

(c)Corrosion studies of bacterial material;

(d)Material electrochemical corrosion studies;

(e)Materials CO₂, H₂S, CL^- of environmental corrosion research;

(f)Equipments, tools failure analysis.